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According to Barbara Stein, "The breed originated in Germany, probably from a cross between the
English mastiff and the Irish Wolfhound."
[15] However, other sources maintain that the breed originated in
Denmark[
unreliable source?]
[16] and still others report the question as controversial and unsettled.
[1] In 1749
Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon [17] used the name ”le Grand Danois,” (translated by
William Smellie (encyclopedist) as ”Great Dane”). Up until that time the hound was referred to in England as ”Danish dog.”
[18]
According to Jacob Nicolay Wilse the Danes called the dog ”large hound,” a terminology continued well in to the 20th Century.
[19]
Whether the Great Dane is of German or Danish origin will be impossible to decide. The German/Danish boarder has changed constantly during wars. But it is well known that huge dog skeletons are found in chieftain Viking graves in (inland) Denmark (+ Norway as well as Sweden) and are mentioned as the keeper of Hells Gate in the Nordic Mythology. Whether these skeletons are actually Great Danes or an other type of dog of impressive and extra ordinary large stature for example the Irish Wolf Hounds (from Dublin where the Vikings often traded), is hard to say, but it sure is interesting that the dog until recently was known as a specific Danish dog in all of the old 'Viking Colonies' from Ireland, Scotland, Russia, England, France and through out Scandinavia from Iceland, Greenland, Finland, Norway and Sweden. The claim of the Great Dane’s origin as being a German dog is often seen in relation with a hostile German national politic towards it's smaller neighbour Denmark. As a fine example to this we see Bismarck who loved the 'Great Danes' but hated the Danish nation. To him the majestic dog certainly was of German origin even though many other European countries disagreed. It should be stressed though, that the Germans in newer time have made a fine piece of work in making the breed more clean and homogenic and hereby they could finally claim the breed to be a German creation. Ein Deutsche Dogge or a Grand Danois is the end of the day a matter of taste. As late as in the 1780 Germany the hound is referred to as ”Grosser Dänischer Jagdhund” (
English:
Large Danish Hunting Hound).
[20] And also at the first dog exhibition, held in
Hamburg 14-20 July 1863,[
citation needed] eight dogs were called ”Dänische Dogge” and seven ”Ulmer Doggen.”
[21]
The Great Dane Raro, Denmark 1655
The Great Dane Sultan,
Denmark 1699
The origin of the name Great Dane is curious. The breed can be traced back to Germany, not Denmark. The reason why Anglo Saxon and French speaking countries refer to a "great Dane" rather than "German Mastiff" may be for historical political reasons, during the unification of Germany by Prussia and Bismarck. The breed had many names in the
Holy Roman Empire, depending on its origin. The oldest trackable breeders were in the states of
Württemberg and
Hesse. All regions had their favourite colour of coat. This led to the confusion during the first breeder exhibition in Germany in 1863, when breeders from all over the country signed in dogs of the same breed under different breed names. The German Dog Exhibition in Hamburg Altona decided there ought to be a united name for the old German breed and chose "Deutsche Dogge" (German Mastiff). However Britain or France would not call a dog "Great German", because unified Prussia presented a threat to France.
The precursors of today's Great Dane are the old "Bullenbeisser" (bull biter) as well as the so-called "Hatz- und Sauhunde" (coursing and boar hounds), which are a cross between the strong Mastiff of the English type and a fast and nimble Greyhound. At first, big and strong dogs that did not necessarily belong to a certain breed were considered as Danes. Later on, names like Ulmer Dane, English Dane, Danish Dane, "Saupacker" (boar seizer) and big Dane described the different sizes and colors of this type.
A female blue Great Dane
In 1878 a committee of seven, consisting of committed breeders and judges with the chairman Dr Bodinus, decided in Berlin to unite all varieties of the above-mentioned types under the term "Deutsche Dogge" (German Mastiff). Through this the foundation for the first German dog breed has been laid. In 1880, on the occasion of a dog show in Berlin, a standard for the Great Dane was determined for the first time. Since 1888, the "Deutsche Doggen Club 1888 e.V." is in charge of this standards and repeatedly modified since. Today's edition fulfills the demands of the F.C.I."
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