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The problem with walking on a leash is that the dog won't take those minute little breaks (and longer rests) that he would if he were loose and free to do as he liked. He'll at least try to keep up with you, probably insist on outpacing you if possible. And that's at the expense of giving his joints a rest even when they need it. So if you can be concious of that, and try to make sure he does take those little breaks, then there's much less chance of any damage being done to his still-soft joints
"Forced" exercise is the sort of thing - like walking on a leash - where the dog is likely to try to keep up with you (or outpace you!) without taking the sorts of frequent short breaks and pauses that they would if they were running offleash. It doesn't seem dangerous and it's much easier to see why things like jumping, weaving, or running beside you on a bike would do damage to still-soft joints - but continuous pounding can be problematic also.
A rough rule of thumb for how long a puppy can walk on leash is 5 minutes for every month of age, from 2 months onward (5 min for a 2 month old, 10 min for a 3 month old, etc). So that would be around about 50 minutes for your 11 month old pup (which is long enough for a pretty decent walk).
And of course, that doesn't apply to times that the dog is offleash. When there's nothing for them to try to outpace and they're able to run ahead, pause a bit, then bounce off again - there's no problem. That's not continuous pounding. Same goes for running freely at the dog park or playing with other dogs - they'll take lots of little pauses in that situation, so no need to limit their fun
If he's offleash for most of that time - and able to run ahead, stop, wait for you, wander off to sniff something, then bounce off ahead again before pausing once more - then it's probably just fine. What should be avoided is the sort of continuous pounding that walking/running with you on leash would produce. It's the continuous (or extreme) stuff that can do damage to still-soft growth plates.
As long as a dog is still growing, then by definition, the growth plates cannot have closed (they're the soft areas at the ends of the long bones that allow for growth). Thus, it is prudent to consider that until 18 months, it is likely that the growth plates are still open (even if you can no longer see them).
One thing to note though, in all that, is that brachycephalic breeds like this don't regulate temperature very well - meaning they suffer a lot in the heat. So if you want a jogging companion, mornings or evenings when the temp is cool is best.
At around 18 months. Prior to that, his growth plates are not fully closed and hardened, and continuous or excessively strenuous exercise are liable to do permanent damage (jogging, or even long leash walks are certainly continuous pounding - and excessive would include things like jumping).
Growth plates are those soft areas at the end of the long bones that allow for growth to occur. However, being soft, they're extremely vulnerable to injury.
Up until that age, pups should be encouraged to get all their exercise needs just from playing. He can run and play for hours on end, including with other dogs. The difference is that it's not continuous, he'll take lots of short breaks and micropauses, and not ignore discomfort - but that's not how things are if he's running with a person, or walking on a leash. He'll try to keep up with, or outpace you (heck, he might even drag you along) irrespective of whether his joints are telling him to stop.
Pavement is very hard on the bones and joints (think of how many - adult human - runners get shin splints when they first start out).plus the concrete is to rough on there paws and will blister them.
The problem with most pups is that they're intent on keeping up with you - or even more likely, trying to outpace you or drag you down the street. So they don't take the breaks or micropauses they should (and would, if they were off leash and could run ahead then pause for a bit), and that can end in damage to the growth plates (the soft areas at the end of the long bones that allow for growth). Problems is, that being so soft, those growth plates are easily damaged and it's things like jumping, weaving or continuous pounding are the things that can damage them. So unless you have the sort of dog like Lola who does insist on resting frequently, it's better that leash walks are kept to a minimum (short duration) and the pup's exercise needs are met through off-leash playing.
Growth plates fully close and harden at around 18 months, btw. From that age onward, it's safe to involve your pup in a full range of activities (agility, or taking them running with you, etc).
As for frisbee, I think it's generally OK, but you should try to take care not to have him jumping excessively and if you can engineer lots of short pauses and rests, then that's also good. Since he's retrieving it and then waiting for you to throw again, some degree of rest is already built into that by default. You just need to take care that the jumping isn't excessive/prolonged and he isn't going on beyond where he'd take a break if you didn't keep throwing it (let him take the break, then play some more).
In short, it's not that you can't have any fun with your dog. But you just need to use your judgement about what is excessive for him, and don't ever let it become continuous.
I start jump training at the age of 8 weeks, when I get the pup. But only with poles on the ground. I dont' let the dog jump (at my request - they can do on their own other things) higher than carpus height before 6 months, elbow height before 14 months, then build gradually after that. There is SO much more to learning how to jump than the height of the jump.
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http://www.agilityability.com/growth_plates.htm